hello my title is Helen messier and I am the CMO of i”m and I might prefer to share with you the facility of precision wellness and the way we are able to use that for actually customized diet to begin with I might prefer to introduce you to Joe now Joe is affected by a number of continual circumstances and sadly as everyone knows there are far too many individuals like Joe round the truth is continual circumstances account for greater than 60% of deaths worldwide and greater than 50% of individuals are presently dwelling with not less than one continual illness and the incidence simply retains growing however Joe would not need to be a kind of statistics anymore he actually needs to get wholesome and he is aware of that eating regimen is a vital a part of attaining this however the place does he begin there are such a lot of various kinds of diets on the market ought to he comply with the USDA meals pyramid the Mediterranean eating regimen the ketogenic eating regimen the Paleo eating regimen and he reads a variety of articles and the favored press simply is not a lot assist it retains contradicting itself he is even gone to the literature and located a examine that reveals a low-carb eating regimen was higher than a traditional low-fat eating regimen for weight reduction and for some coronary heart illness threat elements and he additionally discovered a web site that listed a comparability of eating regimen research and generally the low-carb eating regimen appeared to win out over the low-fat eating regimen for weight reduction however on this one it confirmed that even when individuals misplaced weight on the low-carb eating regimen as an alternative of dropping saved fats the physique was largely burning lean muscle mass and protein now he is getting actually confused how does he know what the appropriate eating regimen will likely be for him the favored media and even the scientific literature appears to be contradicting itself the proof shouldn’t be all that clear-cut however as a result of nearly all of proof does appear to counsel it and since it is actually fashionable proper now Joe decides to a Paleo eating regimen now sadly three months later although he is misplaced some weight his cardiovascular threat elements have elevated and he is beginning to expertise some gentle chest pains it is a complicated once more what is going on on the Paleo eating regimen did work for lots of people and Joe cannot determine why he is so completely different then he noticed this text a brand new examine hyperlinks l-carnitine and crimson meat to coronary heart illness uh-oh and he discovered the precise examine exhibiting that intestinal microbiota the metabolism of carnitine produces tri methyl amine which is additional metabolized within the liver to strive methyl aiming and oxide or TMAO which accelerates atherosclerosis or hardening of the arteries Wow it does affirm the significance of our microbiome however which species affiliate with TMAO manufacturing and does Joe have these current in his microbiome here is one other look of how that occurs the meals within the meals that we eat the carnitine and the choline we ingest it it will get metabolized by our intestine microbes and it goes will get absorbed into our physique to the liver it will get produced into TMAO and that results in atherosclerosis properly we’re making some progress proper now not less than Joe is aware of why he might have gotten worse on the Paleo eating regimen and he discovered a extremely vital lesson that everybody is completely different to date we have been wanting on the tip of the iceberg utilizing epidemiological inhabitants research observational research and small randomised trials however we actually want to take a look at an individual’s molecular uniqueness to offer actually customized meals suggestions so let’s dive in and check out how this molecular uniqueness is set to supply precision wellness to begin with I need to remind everybody that we aren’t actually human however we’re a posh ecosystem of human and microbial cells and genes all interacting with one another in our surroundings particularly our eating regimen our physique actually is generally microbes and the duvet of The Economist that microbes maketh man is extra true than we understand each floor of our physique is roofed in and out with microbes together with a microbiome in our blood which we had at all times beforehand thought was alleged to be sterile the biggest assortment of microbes is in our intestine including as much as 5 kilos to our general weight and after we discuss concerning the microbiome we imply the gathering of microbes in our intestine generally there are micro organism within the abdomen and as we go down the digestive tract we discover increasingly more micro organism with the colon having the best quantity now many of the micro organism in our intestine are anaerobic which means they thrive with out oxygen and there are round 1.3 microbial cells to each human cell and from a genetic perspective we’re outnumbered by microbial genes by not less than 100 and fifty to at least one and our microbiome shouldn’t be mounted it is very dynamic and it modifications as we age and in response to our eating regimen and our well being standing now that is solely a partial checklist of all of the features that we rely on our microbes for they digest our meals they regulate our urge for food they management our metabolism they produce important nutritional vitamins and vitamins that we’d like they make pure antibiotics and defend us from pathogens they maintain the gastrointestinal tract and and promote well being and digestion that method they usually influence our temper and orchestrate our immune system now 70% of our immune cells dwell in our intestine wall and our microbes each prepare and management our immune system and I actually love this quote the mammalian immune system which appears to be designed to manage microorganisms is the truth is managed by microorganisms so it is no surprise with every little thing that our intestine micro organism do in the event that they’re linked to continual illness the truth is there’s not one continual illness that you can imagine that has not been related to a disruption of our microbiome at some degree and never solely do our microbes affect our well being it is truly onerous to consider one thing our physique does that is not influenced if not managed by our microbiome issues like circadian rhythm our microbiome has its personal organic clock that impacts ours our temper the flexibility to grow to be pregnant and being pregnant outcomes it impacts our response to medicine our skill to train at completely different ranges and as we mentioned our immune system is educated and managed by our intestine microbiome and it is clearly linked to and influences our mind as we have at all times intuitively identified after we discuss with intestine emotions so it is affordable to suggest that the composition of the microbiome and its actions are concerned in most if not the entire organic processes that represent human well being and illness so what makes a wholesome microbiome how can we inform when it has been disrupted and most significantly what can we do about it properly we all know that probably the most vital elements that promotes a wholesome microbiome is our eating regimen because the microbes are clearly the primary ones uncovered to every little thing that we absorb finally we’re not simply consuming for our physique’s well being but in addition for the well being of the microbiome which in flip impacts our well being so the primary query to ask is what’s a nutritious diet and the reply is that there isn’t any one nutritious diet that is proper for everybody now a few of us will reply positively to a particular nutrient others will not reply in any respect and nonetheless others may have a destructive response and our responses to meals can change over time and most of this particular person variability to meals is set by our distinctive microbiomes microbiomes is exclusive to us as our finger prints so can we use the knowledge present in our distinctive microbiomes to foretell which eating regimen will likely be most helpful for individuals like Joe and for all of us the reply is most undoubtedly sure however we have to see a variety of issues we’d like to have the ability to see and determine all micro organism which might be current right down to the pressure degree now simply to remind you of all that the taxonomic classification system it goes from the best degree of Kingdom after which phylum class order household genus species and past species at an excellent larger decision is pressure now pressure degree is vital this is only one instance of why that’s on this case of ninety one micro organism that had been assessed solely 5 strains had been in a position to make GABA which is the helpful neurotransmitter out of MSG now whether or not you might have these explicit strains would possibly decide whether or not you are feeling okay or actually unhealthy after consuming MSG Laden meals and on this case it was a selected pressure of Bifidobacterium longum referred to as a h-12 o-6 that is been proven to colonize individuals’s micro biomes when taken as a probiotic now different strains of the identical species have been proven to not colonize and it is also been proven that sure bacterial strains may enhance tight Junction operate that the issues that maintain the liner of our intestine cells collectively and it does that by modulating the protein parts this skill could be very strained particular now whether or not the pressure can have an effect on tight junctions and the pathways that’s utilized to do that we additionally want to have the ability to see viruses since many viruses are secure members of the human microbiome they’re essential as a result of in contrast to micro organism they will readily cross the intestine barrier and enter our our bodies we additionally must see the entire fungi which might be current as a result of in addition they play a really beforehand unappreciated function within the microbiome and the gathering of fungi known as the microbiome and naturally we have to see parasites in the event that they’re current as properly now only a fast reminder we refer to 2 completely different cell sorts prokaryotic cells these on the Left embody micro organism and archaea and their cells that do not have a nucleus or any organelles comparable to mitochondria and eukaryotic cells these seen on the appropriate are all the opposite cells together with fungi and vegetation and even people we these cells all have a nucleus they usually have mobile organelles comparable to mitochondria so to totally perceive the microbiome and its impact on our well being and the way we are able to modify it with customized diets we actually should see the prokaryotes two pressure degree the entire viruses and the entire eukaryotes now science has been making an attempt to look inside our microbiome for a few years however our instruments have been restricted we began out utilizing tradition and making an attempt to develop the bugs and petri dishes with the intention to determine them now this labored for 20% of the microbes that might develop in oxygen however 80% as I mentioned are anaerobic they usually’ll die as quickly as they’re out of our physique so we missed most of what’s there different applied sciences have been in a position to make the most of the DNA inside every micro organism with the intention to determine them now these applied sciences comparable to 16s ribosomal RNA gene evaluation sequences a small portion of the bacterial DNA that is higher than tradition however nonetheless can solely determine micro organism to the genus degree not even species and undoubtedly not pressure and it’ll miss eukaryotes and viruses now that is the know-how that is nonetheless being utilized by most researchers and corporations in the present day now when metagenomic or complete shotgun sequencing got here alongside it was significantly better it could actually determine as much as pressure degree and likewise see potential viruses and different eukaryotes however due to low abundance they’re typically missed and it could actually additionally determine potential metabolic pathways which might be current after which there’s meta transcriptomic sequencing or RNA sequencing which once more is a big step higher it identifies all organisms together with micro organism archaea the yeast mildew fungi micro organism phages parasites and likewise RNA viruses it could actually determine the dwelling organisms that are lively so they don’t seem to be confused by organisms which might be lifeless which might be simply passing via and it could actually determine and quantify the actions of all of the microorganisms now it is a reminder to inform you that when genes that are present in DNA are expressed they produce RNA so by RNA we see every little thing that is lively downstream DNA displays the potential and RNA displays what is definitely taking place here is one other mind-set about it all of the cells in our physique have the identical DNA so a genetic check can not distinguish completely different cells that is why you are able to do a DNA check out of your blood or from the cheek swab or every other sound your physique however each tissue expresses a special set of genes main them to carry out completely different features RNA sequencing simply distinguishes various kinds of cells so you may distinguish a liver from a kidney cell so after we have a look at the microbiome figuring out a micro what DNA sequencing tells us nothing about what they’re truly doing however RNA sequencing provides us a clearer image of what the microbes are consuming what they’re producing and the way they’re interacting with one another that is an analogy I might like to make use of to elucidate the variations in these applied sciences that is tradition it could actually determine the well-known ones which have a variety of air 16s know-how provides us a blurry silhouette of who’s there metagenomic know-how can determine who’s there and what they’re able to doing and meta transcriptomic know-how that is the know-how that we use at quantity can determine who’s there and what they’re actually doing with this know-how we are able to assess our purchasers microbiomes and make customized suggestions based mostly on what their microbes are doing it is what we name precision wellness and we now have entry to this transcriptomic know-how at an unprecedented precision and low price with this RNA knowledge we are able to now determine the advanced pathways and reactions which might be being carried out by your microbes and by ourselves and we are able to begin to see what we have to do to optimize them as you may think about this produces a variety of superb knowledge and that is why we’d like a pc so we use the facility of synthetic intelligence with a lot knowledge it is clear that the human mind even the human microbial mind simply cannot maintain observe of every little thing so the facility of synthetic intelligence how perceive what is going on on in every particular person we are able to begin to reply these questions how was your intestine feeling how are your microbes doing and what are your microbes doing one of many issues that we are able to see at a excessive degree is that you just might need micro organism which might be identified to supply butyrate why is that this vital properly as a result of butyrate has many helpful results together with feeding the cells lining our intestine to maintain them wholesome it controls insulin sensitivity neuronal well being it is an anti-inflammatory and it even controls our personal genetic expression however simply because the micro organism are current which have the potential to supply butyrate doesn’t essentially imply that they are doing what they’re alleged to how do your microbes truly make butyrate properly it may very well be constituted of 4 completely different substrates leading to 4 completely different pathways for butyrate synthesis with RNA knowledge we are able to determine every of those pathways and see the place butyrate could be coming from and the vital half is to determine the important thing enzymes that end in butyrate synthesis these ones recognized by the yellow highlights to essentially know in case your microbes are producing this helpful quick chain fatty acid and after we have a look at the 1000’s of samples that we have sequenced to this point we are able to see that not everybody’s micro organism are actually good at producing butyrate the crimson dots are the individuals who have excessive ranges of the ki butyrate producing enzymes of their microbiome the black is a mean quantity and the inexperienced is individuals with very low ranges of these enzymes so if we do not have a lot butyrate manufacturing taking place what are you able to do to assist properly you may enhance it in just a few methods you may add within the micro organism that make it utilizing probiotics or fermented meals you may feed these micro organism with particular meals to activate the expression of the butyrate manufacturing pathways and you may even take butyrate as a complement to for what your bugs will not be producing we are able to additionally see the presence of viruses that is one instance of viruses within the microbiome so that is one in all our purchasers the highest row is earlier than a fecal microbiome transplant as you may see they there’s 99% of the exercise is coming from micro organism the second row down is after a fecal microbiome transplant we’re now 44% are from micro organism and the opposite exercise within the microbiome is coming from viruses and right here you may see all of these viruses which might be current lots of them being plant RNA viruses so nearly all of viral sequences within the human intestine are literally coming from plant RNA viruses the human intestine acts as a automobile for the dissemination of those viruses and after we have a look at a few of our preliminary findings we are able to see that larger virus expression is related to decreased general bodily well being and that is in line with what appeared within the literature in that plant viruses can truly elicit an immune response and may be related to signs among the different issues we are able to see is whether or not your microbiome is numerous now we all know {that a} wholesome microbial human ecosystem is a various one identical to a rainforest is more healthy and extra strong the extra biodiversity it has it is the identical with the microbiome biodiversity creates resilience and the extra numerous our microbiome is the more healthy it’s and the more healthy we are usually and we are able to begin to see the consequences of our overuse of medicines comparable to antibiotics sadly lots of our microbiomes are beginning to appear to be this we are able to additionally see the unimaginable range of features as the great guys and the unhealthy guys attempt to reestablish themselves in a brand new ecosystem and we are able to decide what meals and vitamins can be most vital to make sure that the great guys do not lose the battle we are able to additionally see whether or not your intestine lining is being broken by wanting on the RNA within the cells which might be being shed from the intestine lining as we already mentioned because the majority of your immune system lives within the lining of your intestine when this lining turns into broken the micro organism particularly those making LPS or flagella which we are able to additionally see can stimulate your immune system and this could result in continual irritation which is absolutely an underlying consider all continual illness we are able to additionally determine when sure micro organism normally the so referred to as unhealthy guys begin forming gangs by turning on quorum sensing and bio movie manufacturing and biofilms can injury the intestine lining and make microbes proof against antibiotics so we are able to actually see how meals have to be customized meals is absolutely reworked by our microbiome into helpful or dangerous merchandise and meals feeds our microbiomes so it could actually promote the expansion of fine or unhealthy organisms so we are able to consider how individuals are responders or non responders to particular meals and this response is set by their distinctive microbiomes so let’s go over some examples of how our microbes inform us what meals will likely be helpful or and dangerous for every of us on this planet the place the Paleo is the in factor we are able to see if you happen to’re consuming an excessive amount of protein and if it is not being digested correctly so if this is not taking place the micro organism within the colon will ferment it and produce many dangerous byproducts comparable to ammonia and Kressel and Putra scene and the TMA that we noticed earlier than these dangerous merchandise can result in irritation growing older and coronary heart illness amongst many different issues the hot button is that everybody wants completely different quantities as we noticed with Joe his Paleo eating regimen was doubtless giving him an excessive amount of protein and it was inflicting issues the place in different individuals it will be okay so if we see somebody is consuming an excessive amount of protein and it is harming them we are able to advocate that they restrict their protein consumption we are able to assist protein digestion with issues like digestive enzymes and we are able to promote carbohydrate fermentation with probiotics and polyphenols which all act to scale back protein fermentation we are able to additionally see if somebody is consuming an excessive amount of fructose from fruit and issues like excessive fructose corn syrup fructose ought to actually be metabolized within the small gut but when the small gut will get overloaded that fructose will go right down to the liver within the colon and after we see the micro organism consuming fructose we all know that particular person wants to chop down on fruit with the intention to stop fatty liver we are able to see if you happen to’re consuming an excessive amount of fats to your physique once more on this period of paleo and ketogenic diets that is changing into an issue for some individuals after we eat fats we produce bile with the intention to take up that fats and this bile modifications the setting within the gut and it promotes many dangerous bile tolerant organisms and causes them to develop we are able to additionally see the microbial pathways for fats metabolism and whether or not they’re leading to helpful or dangerous merchandise most of the microbial metabolites from a high-fat eating regimen can truly result in insulin resistance we are able to additionally determine these individuals will profit from consuming meals like pomegranates walnuts and raspberries since they want the micro organism which might be able to changing the ellagic acid in these meals into the anti-inflammatory gyro inside a compound now if they do not have the micro organism which might be able to doing this of their microbiomes maybe they need to deal with different meals that can present extra profit and that is an instance of a publication that reveals that oxalate containing meals comparable to spinach may be dangerous except you might have the microbes current committe can metabolize it right into a non dangerous substance we are able to simply see whether or not these microbes are current and whether or not it’s best to eat perhaps rather less spinach model beets and rhubarb now we have been advised that resistance starch is sweet since it is a meals for micro organism that may convert into that helpful quick chain fatty acid we noticed earlier referred to as butyrate nevertheless I am certain you understand by now some individuals have the micro organism and pathways which might be excellent at utilizing these starches to make butyrate and a few of us sadly do not different meals comparable to garlic and onions produce other fibers that additionally feed sure micro organism but when the unsuitable microbes begin to ferment these fibers it can lead to extreme gastrointestinal signs we are able to additionally see the micro organism and pathways that make the most of the EGCG and inexperienced tea to supply helpful and generally dangerous substances we do not need to make everybody drink a lot of inexperienced tea simply because it advantages some individuals and the poor furries and seaweed will also be metabolized by particular micro organism and it is smart that most of these micro organism are most prevalent in Japanese microbiomes the dye as Dhin and soy is once more metabolized by particular micro organism to supply equal which is a selective estrogen receptor modulator which is a helpful impact no longer everybody has the micro organism able to doing this so soy is not going to profit all girls now sure minerals like iron and meals once they’re mixed in with an inflammatory microbial setting they will promote the expansion of pathogens and switch these doubtlessly pathogenic organisms into extremely pathogenic ones that may result in extreme illness it is good to know when to chop again on iron consumption earlier than it causes massive issues and salt may be helpful it may be impartial or it may be dangerous to particular individuals it could actually trigger vital irritation by stimulating th17 cells we are able to see if salt is inflicting this in you and whether or not you must in the reduction of on salt even so chilly good salt comparable to celtic sea salt or Himalayan salt can have this impact one of many methods our micro organism can truly assist us cope with irritation and oxidation is through the use of glutathione we have been in a position to determine the glutathione pathway within the micro organism of most of the samples that we have checked out and we are able to see very exactly whether or not some methods somebody is taking glutathione or in the event that they’re micro organism are making it as a result of they’re coping with the poisonous or inflammatory setting and micro organism are one in all our essential customers of glutathione the truth is our microbiome not our liver is absolutely our greatest detox organ we use micro organism to scrub up oil spills so it is smart that they will help us detoxify tryptophan is an amino acid that we get from meals and dietary supplements and it could actually get transformed by our micro organism into many various kinds of compounds a few of these like IPA are neuroprotective and may defend the mind towards illnesses like Alzheimer’s whereas others are somewhat bit extra detrimental comparable to in Doxil sulfate this metabolite can contribute to oxidative stress within the endothelial cells the cells which might be lining our blood vessels and it could actually result in coronary heart illness so after we see sure tryptophan pathways elevated we are able to make suggestions comparable to particular probiotics or prebiotic meals to push it in a extra helpful course our micro organism are additionally able to making amino acids from sure sugars and starches we frequently see this in individuals who devour a excessive vegetable eating regimen many of those amino acids made by the microbes are absorbed and utilized by our our bodies in some circumstances these may be very helpful and in different circumstances it could actually doubtlessly result in issues like insulin resistance so the extra we delve into what our microbes do and are able to doing the extra amazed I actually am our microbes clearly metabolize issues like our hormones into doubtlessly good or unhealthy ones however they will additionally make hormones comparable to estrogen and testosterone and we are able to see when our micro organism are contributing to the reabsorption of poisons of medication and hormones that our liver has actually labored onerous to do away with we are able to additionally see whether or not you are doubtless doing high-intensity train by how properly your microbes are producing vitality and we are able to see whether or not you are expressing any microbial enzymes that assist your physique extract vitality extra effectively out of your meals relying in your exercise degree this could be a very good operate or it won’t now that is actually thrilling we lastly have the instruments to know what to do with the last word purpose for somebody like Joe to know what will likely be optimum for him so he can obtain his targets you may see that precision wellness is the way forward for diet it is the distinction between Joe simply following the most recent fad eating regimen and getting worse or understanding exactly what he must eat with the intention to drop pounds and do away with irritation and be actually wholesome at quantity we have created an AI powered wellness companion delivered via a simple app so this know-how is accessible for everybody thanks for watching and please tell us you probably have any questions